Couples with family history of mental retardation
Couples with family history of hearing loss or blindness.
Couples with family history of cancer.
Couples with family history of psychiatric disorders.
Couples with indicative, pathologic or ambiguous results of prenatal screening or diagnostic testing.
Women who have had two or more miscarriages or early infant deaths.
Pregnant women who during pregnancy have been exposed to medications, chemicals, drugs, radiation or infections like rubella, toxoplasmosis, cytomegalovirus.
Women who had high fever at some point during their pregnancy.
Women concerned that their jobs, lifestyles, or past medical history may pose a risk to their pregnancy.
Couples that are first cousins or other blood relatives.
People who are carriers of a hereditary disease.
Persons who themselves have an inherited disorder or birth defect.
Couples with an infant diagnosed with genetic disease by routine newborn screening.
Anxiety.
Genetic counseling is necessary to all the above indications, but is useful to all couples who are planning a family.